Suggested columns
| Column | Why it helps |
|---|---|
| Citation (author, year) | Quick reference and later citation |
| Aim / question | Shows what each study tried to answer |
| Context and sample | Country, sector, population, size |
| Method | Design, data, tools, analysis |
| Key findings | Main results in your own words |
| Limitations | What the authors admit or you notice |
| Relevance to my study | Why it matters for your questions |
How to use it
- Start with 15–25 core papers from reliable databases
- Fill each row in your own words; do not paste abstracts
- Sort by method or context to see clusters
- Highlight agreements in one colour and contradictions in another
- Look for empty spaces: contexts, methods or variables nobody has combined
- Turn each cluster into a theme heading in your review
From matrix to writing
Each paragraph should compare several studies on one theme: what they agree on, where they differ and why that might be. Close each theme with what remains unknown; together these lead to your gap statement.
Tools
Use our free online literature review matrix: add one row per paper, see the gaps listed together, and download a CSV for Excel or Google Sheets. A spreadsheet works well too. Reference managers such as Zotero or Mendeley help with citations; keep the matrix separate so you can sort and filter freely.
Need personalised guidance?
Talk it through with a mentor.
Share your programme, project area, current stage and deadline.